Human Resource Management in the Public Office Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Management in the Public Office Essay Is cash the most significant motivating force device in the open area? Is execution based compensation a successful method to propel workers to be increasingly gainful? Talk about the positive and negative advantages related with broadbanded pay frameworks. The open segment fundamentally manages the financial and regulatory conveyance of merchandise and enterprises from the legislature to the nation’s individuals. Such a job requires genuine pledge to support and to the target of improving the general government assistance of people. Also, community workers maintain such responsibilities with a remarkable arrangement of needs that are not focused on material and monetary benefits but instead on what their capacities and accomplishments could add to others’ improvement. This perfect may simply separate local officials from individuals from the work power that render their administrations for benefit. This in thought, monetary prizes may not be the top need of local officials however it is unquestionably a successful motivation device across segments from private to open. A method of conceding motivation to representatives is through execution based compensation. This pay conspire involves pay increments and compensating of rewards to representatives that had the option to accomplish or outperform the objectives identified with their extent of work. Under such a plan, representatives become progressively spurred to deliver great help with the ultimate objective of creating clearly positive outcomes. Simultaneously, since such a plan requires, that the compensation increment be advocated by the commendable execution of the worker, there would be less occurrences of increments and advancements made on the simple premise of workplace issues. When it gets clear to representatives that they currently have an equivalent playing field, this would moreover rouse them to substantiate themselves deserving of acknowledgment and motivators. In accordance with viable human asset the executives, open segments are creating broadband compensation frameworks, which basically actualize expansive compensation reaches to groupings shaped based on like obligations while keeping up high adaptability so as to take into account the requirements and requests of a different workforce. Such compensation frameworks may present the two preferences and impediments to the workers and offices. A case of points of interest to the workers is that the strategy for gathering may give a chance to their situations to be renamed to a higher evaluation as demonstrated by the intricacy and broadness of their obligations. This would most likely work in the kindness of a representative who handles a few assignments that are typically performed by more than one individual in certain workplaces. Another bit of leeway is for the piece of government workplaces in light of the fact that by using high innovation and proficient data frameworks to execute the broadband compensation components, a streamlined information gathering technique will be set up and procedure will be arranged. This would at last lead to increasingly handy and productive utilization of accessible human and budgetary assets, and enormous aggregate reserve funds for the administration. Then again, a burden for the offices could be that arrangements on work characterizations or groupings may expect them to reveal to trade guilds delicate data that may result to operational security concerns. By what means can an association use representative advantages as a component of its enrollment and maintenance endeavors? In what capacity can an organization’s duty to learning bring about lower laborer turnover? How do issues identified with representative advantages and learning influence specialist execution? Human asset is the best resource that any foundation might have. Consistently, an incredible number of associations and foundations ascend or disintegrate by the greatness or average quality of their workers. Truth be told, any organization may utilize the most ideal advancements and may even be in the most unique and dynamic industry however all these would not make the business a triumph if without capable and dexterous workers. In this way to guarantee the most ideal volunteers and the ability to hold the most prepared and regarded gifts, associations fabricate alluring remuneration bundles and worker improvement programs. By sustaining workers under these advancement programs and with appealing prizes, associations want to keep the faithfulness of their ability pool and include newcomers that have a similar inclination and aptitudes. Every one of these means are taken by associations under the information that all representatives would base their manager inclinations that oblige their requirements and development the most. Besides, these necessities and development desires must be interpreted as meaning money related advantages as well as more significantly how the association could advance one’s gifts and permit the person in question to boost possibilities. So as to support its ability pool, associations may select their workers to different classes that educate or additionally set up the information that they have identified with the assignments that they act in the workplace. Through these classes, representatives build up a feeling of satisfaction and fulfillment since they find that they can tap in to a greater amount of their possibilities. In this manner, with the information that there are more things that they could learn and do, they find that they likewise have more to offer the association that they are a piece of. By permitting their representatives to develop into high possible people, associations not just keep their workers steadfast and their turnover rates low, they likewise gain from the improved abilities and aptitudes that their HR apply in their everyday work. An organization’s spending on preparing and advancement programs for its representatives is a piece of its human asset venture. Likewise with items sold in banks or financial exchange, or acquisition of types of gear by creation organizations, costs brought about by associations identified with representative preparing are recognized with the desire that they will deliver comes back to the association by method of improved worker exhibitions that lead to better working procedures and accomplishment of the organization’s vision and mission. Pershing, Stolovitch, and Keeps (2006) further help the connection between representative exhibition and learning by expressing that the last permits the workforce to turn out to be increasingly associated with the association through an expanded information on how better he could be of administration, and that the supporting procedure offered to these workers permit them to be more ready for changes and progressively open to process enhancements. Basically, all representatives are handy people in that they remain in the association that welcome them the most and prize them adequately for the nature of work that they render. It is with this information that associations manufacture dynamic representative advantage and maintenance programs. These associations know very well that workers perform best a work in progress and prize projects that offer comprehensive development. Such development relates to a few factors in the lives of a person. Look into the distinction in ending laborers in open associations versus privately owned businesses? What at the ramifications of freely work for open part laborers? One of the significant contrasts between open associations and privately owned businesses is the goal or crucial which their workforce works. As set up before, open division laborers can be generally considered as volunteers for social, monetary, and even political causes while the workforce of privately owned businesses are for the most part there for productive increases. This as a top priority, the insignificant idea of a lessening in the workforce in the open area represents a few difficulties since it may not be simple for the association to drop by community workers who are happy to work for a similar reason. One manner by which the workforce of any foundation is diminished is through worker end. End is the procedure by which the association ends an individual’s participation or administration to the association without wanting to. There are different reasons why end is forced on a person. It might be that the worker has disregarded certain hierarchical strategies or moral measures, or rendered unsuitable occupation execution, or may even have been on the grounds that the person in question had a contention with their director. Then again, the representative may likewise be dependent upon end when the organization experiences a rebuilding stage that required scaling back in its workforce, or if the employee’s obligations have been seen as repetitive. Worker end happens in both open and private workplaces yet there are some prominent contrasts. One such distinction is that representatives of privately owned businesses are regularly recruited under agreement though those working in open workplaces are frequently utilized voluntarily, implying that they don't have a proper work contract restricting the person in question and the business. Albeit all representatives are secured by work laws, representatives in the open area are progressively defenseless against end in light of the freely idea of their business.

Psychology Interview Essay

Does the interviewee recollect data all the more precisely in the event that the person in question watches the conduct being performed or does he/she want to peruse how the conduct is performed?  â â â â â â â â â â The interviewee expressed that he will have the option to handily recall how a conduct is performed on the off chance that he read about it; that’s why he lean towards the subsequent option (Carducci, 2008). Likewise, he conceded that if any event or conduct is to be watched just, he is almost certain not to have the option to review it particularly that he has an incalculable things at the forefront of his thoughts and various things recorded on his â€Å"to do list† (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Comparing him to myself however, I favor the inverse. I have demonstrated to myself endless of times that I recall all the more plainly those events or practices on the off chance that I see it being performed. I want to see since I am the sort who recollects that anything that I have given cautious consideration to. Does the interviewee lean towards concentrating in a library, or at home where there are foundation clamors and a few interruptions? My companion selects to remain in the house to examine (Carducci, 2008). He says he can't concentrate on his exercises without his PC and subwoofers turned on (Carducci, 2008). It is significant that something boisterous is available while he contemplates in light of the fact that else he may very well nap off and not achieve anything by the day's end (Carducci, 2008). He additionally expressed that he jumps at the chance to stroll around the lounge or his own room while perusing his exercises so anyone might hear (Carducci, 2008). This is another significant motivation behind why he wouldn't like to concentrate in the library; he says â€Å"I may be approached to stay silent and may even be mentioned to leave the premises in the event that I concentrate in that manner† (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â I can't do what he does however. I am the sort who might be progressively productive and powerful in contemplating on the off chance that I remain in a tranquil spot like the library. I want to remain there if my motivation is to get a handle on the readings and exercises that the test will cover. Notwithstanding that, the references that I requirement for additional request are found there thus I should remain in the library to consider; PCs are accessible also on the off chance that I need online references. Perusing/looking into while tuning in to music or any sort of interruption including sounds simply doesn't go together for me. III. Had the individual you are meeting taken the Myers Briggs test? Report the outcomes.  â â â â â â â â â â Yes, the interviewee previously experienced taking the Myers Briggs test (Humanmetrics, 2007). The accompanying input came about because of the â€Å"Carl Jung and Isabel Myers-Briggs typological way to deal with personality† (Humanmetrics, 2007). As per the previously mentioned, the interviewee is â€Å"very communicated extravert; that he has marginally communicated detecting character; that he has a modestly communicated intuition character; just as somewhat communicated judging personality† (Humanmetrics, 2007). He is then too much outgoing, somewhat thinking, tolerably detecting, and to some broaden a seeing individual (Humanmetrics, 2007).  â â â â â â â â â â The outcomes that I got in the wake of responding to various inquiries are the accompanying: â€Å"that I am unmistakably communicated self observer; modestly communicated natural character; tolerably communicated feeling character; and particularly communicated judging personality† (Humanmetrics, 2007). It says that I am thoughtful and similarly deciding; just as, instinctive and similarly feeling (Humanmetrics, 2007). Which encounters does this individual feel contributed most in the improvement of his/her character?  â â â â â â â â â â The interviewee expressed that there were incalculable encounters that he experienced (Carducci, 2008). He accepts that all these contributed to a great extent in the advancement of his character (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â First of all, he originates from an unprivileged family (Carducci, 2008).â During his rudimentary and secondary school days, he battled a lot as he can't go to class ordinary in light of the fact that there was no cash to be spent on food (Carducci, 2008).â He said it was too hard to even think about staying centered in the exercises or anything that’s going on in the study hall with a vacant stomach for a few days in a row (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Second, his dad for the most part doesn't have a vocation (Carducci, 2008). In situations where he discovers one, the longest time that he can remain is just a month (Carducci, 2008).â This is on the grounds that he is a lush and in some cases would go to work incredibly alcoholic (Carducci, 2008).â Since such conduct presents extraordinary danger to different representatives, in the end he is terminated (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Third, his dad gets back home without cash and would beware of the refrigerator if there was food to eat (Carducci, 2008).â If he doesn't discover anything, he would lash out at his mom as well as assault her (Carducci, 2008).â His mom would be whipped, slapped, punched, and even tossed (Carducci, 2008).â If he attempts to secure his mom and fend his dad off, at that point the two of them would get injured toward the day's end (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Fourth, his mom would discharge her displeasure on him and his siblings and sisters (Carducci, 2008). She would yell at them, compromise them that she is going to abandon them since she could no longer take it (Carducci, 2008). She would express that her life would not be so painfully troublesome on the off chance that she didn't have a spouse and youngsters like them (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Fifth, his younger sibling turned self-destructive as a result of the family issues that they experienced (Carducci, 2008).â He would feel sad and powerless on account of his younger siblings various endeavors (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Sixth, his dad was sent to jail on account of brutality against ladies and kids (Carducci, 2008).â He feels hurt and yet assuaged that he no longer needs to endure him (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Seventh, before he can even recuperate from his â€Å"loss†, he believes he will lose another significant adored one again as his mom remarries a more youthful man (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â It turned out however that his stepfather is a decent, splendid, liberal man who thinks about his mom and for his siblings and sisters (Carducci, 2008).â truth be told, he sent him to probably the best school when he chose he needed to go to school and finish a Baccalaureate course (Carducci, 2008).â He likewise sent his siblings and sisters to class (Carducci, 2008). Notwithstanding that, he set up a little bloom search for his mom who completed BS Management in school; he said the time has come for his mom likewise takes care of enhancing her own profession (Carducci, 2008). He likewise purchased each and everybody their requirements (and even a portion of their needs); truth be told, he got a PC, his siblings got game kid, his sisters got marked dolls, and so on (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â His stepfather additionally carried him to places that he has never been into including the accompanying: â€Å"Transamerica Pyramid, Bank of America, Chinatown, Lombard Street, Haight-Ashbury, Coit Memorial Tower, Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, California Academy of Sciences, Palace of Fine Arts, Presidio, Alcatraz, University of California, Berkeley† (Carducci, 2008). The outing allowed him a chance to bond with somebody who can be a dad to him, who can control him as he comes, and who can secure him as he fights with life’s amazements and troubles (Carducci, 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â He figured out how to be solid as he experienced neediness, maltreatment from his dad, and so forth (Carducci, 2008). He turned out to be much more grounded when his additional decent stepfather went along (Carducci, 2008). The preparation that he got from his stepfather and the genuine models appeared to him assumed a huge job in the advancement of his character (Carducci, 2008). I have my own encounters too that helped in the improvement of my character. As a matter of first importance, I have a mother who is extremely steady and pleased with whatever I have achieved. Second, I was raised to be a decent individual, not harming anybody, helping individuals out of luck, putting God at the focal point of life, and so forth. Such qualities were imparted in me on the grounds that the individuals around me showed/depicted incredible models. Third, I encountered being sent to the best schools thus I have taken in the best possible morals, preparing, and behavior. Fourth, I have seen my mom’s fight with ovarian malignancy. Notwithstanding being given just a couple of months to live, she gave me how decided she was in battling that ailment. She gave me her quality, just as, her confidence. I developed to be practically similar to her, never losing trust and continually having confidence in God. To wrap things up, I am likewise encircled with companions who are incredibly genuine and worried about existence. I just have a couple of companions, which presumably clarifies, why I am contemplative, yet I am pleased to state that they are for the most part obvious companions. I have built up a constructive character incompletely in view of them too. Does this individual feel that he/she is self-checking with respect to his/her perspectives? How or how not? The interviewee accepts that he isn't at all â€Å"self-monitoring† (Carducci, 2008). He concedes he would likely be increasingly terrified on the off chance that he would be one (Carducci, 2008). He additionally feels that he were that way, he would not recognize what to do since he will turn progressively cognizant about the negative occu

How to Write a WINNING Resume - FREE on Amazon October 18-22!

How to Write a WINNING Resume - FREE on Amazon October 18-22! Im happy to announce that for FIVE days beginning October 18, 2013, my new e-book, How to Write a WINNING Resume 50 Tips to Reach Your Job Search Target, will be available for FREE on Amazon Kindle! This e-book takes you through the entire resume writing process, from concept and preparation through formatting and special issues you might face. Heres a sample of one of the 50 tips included in the book. Download the book for FREE on Amazon, October 18th through 22nd, to get the remaining 49! Consider Including a Chart, Graph or Testimonial If you are in sales or you are an executive, you might choose to create a chart or graph as a pictorial representation of your accomplishments. If you’re a receptionist or a nursery school teacher, a graph would be overkill. Here are some samples of a graph or chart included in a resume: Only use a graph if appropriate for the position to which you’re applying. In Career Directors International’s survey Global Hiring Trends 2012, 33% of respondents reported that they still have not received a resume with a chart or a graph. 24% of those who had seen charts and graphs found them helpful or very helpful, while 22% found them distracting. These results are rather inconclusive but indicate that if you work in a conservative industry (such as insurance or finance) it might be best to stick to the tried and true bullet format; in more innovative industries, or for marketing and sales positions, charts and graphs are a great fresh approach. For someone climbing the ladder within the same company, charts and graphs might also be very effective. When in doubt, keep it simple! Testimonials You might not particularly like tooting your own horn, and frankly, some things are much more credible when said by people other than yourself. If you have received recommendations on LinkedIn ®, positive feedback in evaluations, or testimonials in any form, consider putting them on your resume! Here’s what a testimonial might look like:   The use of testimonials is becoming more and more common on resumes. In Global Hiring Trends 2012, 29% of those surveyed said a testimonial would influence their decision positively. So take advantage of this trend and let your potential employer know what past employers (or professors if you are a new graduate) have to say about you! You may place the testimonial in the top third of the resume, near the relevant position, or anywhere that makes sense and is visually appealing. ********** Was this article helpful? You can find more tips like this (49 more to be exact!) in my new do-it-yourself resume writing e-book titled How to Write a WINNING Resume 50 Tips to Reach Your Job Search Target. And specifically for executives, Ive authored a second version just for you called How to Write a STELLAR Executive Resume 50 Tips to Reach Your Job Search Target. ** From October 18th through 22nd, get your copy of How to Write a WINNING Resume absolutely FREE on Amazon! Or purchase How to Write a STELLAR Executive Resume for just $9.97.**               Remember: When you send me a link to your Amazon review, your name will be entered into a bi-annual drawing for a $50 Amazon gift card! You will also be entered into my monthly drawing to win Mary Elizabeth Bradfords Job Search Success System (winner of a 2011 CDI Career Innovator Award and a $97 value check it out here). Click the images above to check out the reviews, purchase, or write a review of your own for a chance to win!

Symptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder - 1458 Words

There are millions of people around the world who are suffering from some type of mental illness. Many people in the United States suffer from various types of mental disabilities. Sadly, there are many people who aren’t aware they are suffering from illness and it may take them well into adulthood to be diagnosed correctly. One mental illness, a mood disorder called Bipolar Disorder, happens to be an illness that 1% of the population has been diagnosed with. It is equally found in both women and men and is usually diagnosed within someone’s teen years or early adulthood. After the disorder is diagnosed, it is imperative that treatment with medication and various types of therapy are incorporated into the patient’s lives (Fast 2006). Bipolar disorder has two types. Both are the same in severity but the symptoms occur differently. There is bipolar type 1, this is when a person has had a depressive episode and one or more severe manic episodes. It is treated more easily than the other type because the mood disturbances are further apart and more foreseeable (Mantere, 2010). With bipolar type 2, patients tend to have more depressive symptoms and must have had at least one hypomanic episode. They can be moody in-between their episodes. It is harder to treat than type 1 because type 2 is more likely to rapid cycle and have more frequent episodes (Mantere, 2010). To be disagnosed with bipolar, a patient must fit into the criteria of the DSM-IV for a manic and depressive state.Show MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Treatment854 Words   |  4 Pagesmedical condition known as bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is when a person suffers from severe shifts in mood and energy. In most cases, bipolar disorder can be treated and people with the illness can live normal and productive lives with the help of medication and or therapy. Aiken, C. (2010). Family Experiences of Bipolar Disorder: The Ups, the Downs and the Bits in Between. Retrieved from Ebsco Host. In this book the author discusses her own dealings with Bipolar Disorder. She goes on to say howRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1489 Words   |  6 PagesDiego City College Bipolar disorder, also called manic-depressive disorder, is a disease that affects thousands of people all over the United States of America. According to Sarris (2011) approximately 1-2% of adults will be affected by bipolar disorder in their lifetime. While some individuals may go undiagnosed, the prevalence percentage can raise to as much as 4% when including milder subclinical presentations (Sarris, 2011). Bipolar disorder can cause severe dysfunction in theRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1125 Words   |  5 Pageswith several mental disorders. The major diagnosis would be bipolar disorder. She also suffers from borderline personality disorder, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety. The American Psychiatric Association s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder defines bipolar disorder as a recurrent mood disorder that includes periods of mania or mixed episodes of mania and depression (Murphy, 2012, p. 44-50). It was previously kn own as manic depressive disorder. It is most commonRead MoreBipolar Disorder Treatments : Symptoms And Symptoms2309 Words   |  10 Pages Bipolar Disorder Treatments Kelly Miazga Metropolitan State University December 8th 2014 â€Æ' Bipolar disorder treatments Introduction Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression or bipolar affective disorder is a mood disorder where the patient experiences episodes of extreme highs known as mania and extreme lows known as depression. Periods of mania and depression vary per person. A person who is displaying a manic episode shows typical symptoms of elevated mood, extreme happiness or irritabilityRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Treatment2115 Words   |  9 Pages Bipolar Disorder The Bipolar disorder or you can call it manic depression, it is a often diagnosed and draining frame or state of mind disorder which causes huge shifts in temperament and frame of mind. The word bipolar means that the two main polar extremes in which a person with the disorder experiences. According a part of the National Institutes of Health that watches over neurological and psychological research this disorder affects about 2.1 million adultsRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder963 Words   |  4 Pagesthat goes by we hear someone being labeled as bipolar or another celebrity is getting diagnosed as being bipolar after their spurts of erratic behavior. I had to ask the question, does anyone really know what it means to be bipolar? Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks (NIMH). Suffering from bipolar disorder can mean su ffering from drastic changes in moodRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1274 Words   |  6 Pagesconclusion, Ben Tang was diagnosed with bipolar II disorder indicated by DSM-5 at age 47. He experienced symptoms such as feeling depressed, suicidal thoughts, and worthlessness in depressive episodes. He experienced symptoms such as racing mind, trouble falling asleep, and committing reckless behaviors in hypomanic episodes. It can be challenging to live with bipolar disorder because the symptoms can be hard to deal with. There are several ways to manage bipolar disorder, include medications, support groupRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1220 Words   |  5 PagesThe history of bipolar disorder is perhaps just as complex as the condition itself. Bipolar is highly recognized as a treatable disorder. The more we learn about bipolar disorder, the more people may be able to receive the help that they need. Centuries passed and little new was discovered about bipolar disorder until French psychiatrist Jean-Pierre Falret published an article in 1851 describing what he called â€Å"la folie circulaire,† which translates to circular insanity. The article details peopleRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder762 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar Disorder 2 Disorder history, In the 19th century psychiatry, mania had a broad meaning of craziness, hypomania was equated by some concepts of â€Å"partial insanity† or monomania. Bipolar disorder origins in 1854, Jules Baillarger and Jean-Pierre Falret, independently present descriptions of the disorder to Academie de Medicine in Paris. German neuropsychiatrist Emanuel Mendel in 1881 wrote â€Å"that heRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1442 Words   |  6 Pagesmental illness. For example, manic depressive illness, or bipolar disorder, is a cognitive disease which affects â€Å"about 2.6% of the U.S. population† every year (DBSA). Along with the vast number of patients stricken with bipolar, are also a plethora of symptoms, with researchers and patients reporting, â€Å"unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and (an inability) to carry out day-to-day tasks† (NIMH). Along with the symptoms of bipolar are several factors that contribute to the presence of the

Why Theology Is Faith Seeking Understanding - 2307 Words

What might it mean to see theology as ‘faith seeking understanding’? When looking at the subject of theology as ‘faith seeking understanding’ one must first have an understanding of what theology and faith are. This understanding will then allow one to look at the question of what it means to see theology as faith seeking to understand God. One must also look at what comes first; ones understanding of God and who He is, thus leading one to faith, or a faith which then leads one to seek to know and understand God. Faith can never be a blind faith that puts on blinkers and only sees the world as it fits in with preconceived ideas. This is also one of those questions that is both complex and also simple as, for many, when they come to faith in Jesus Christ they want to know more; the ‘what’ ‘why’ and ‘how’. This is a personal and, for many, a lifelong search. Adrian Hastings says theology is a reflection about God , a search to know God better than one may already know him and to understand Him better. As the writer of Hebrews said ‘faith is confidence in what we hope for and assurance about what we do not see’ and as humans who are, on the whole, an inquisitive species, this would mean to find out more about what and who we have faith in. Theology, in short, is the study of the Christian faith, but when you look into the subject of theology we find it to be a much deeper subject than just looking at something; the base for the Christian faith comes from the Bible, whichShow MoreRelatedHow I Think Theologically By Howard W. Stone And James O. Duke1554 Words   |  7 PagesIn their book, How To Think Theologically, Howard W. Stone and James O. Duke convey to their reading audience on the very first page of their introduction that â€Å"†¦Christian theology is at its roots a matter of faith seeking understanding.† The premise of the book argues – no states emphatically â€Å"†¦their (christians’) faith makes them theologicans.† It is this foundational point on which the entire work pivots. So Stone and Duke are asking their readers to buy in to the realization that by merit ofRead MoreReasons For The Study Of Spirituality From A Theological Perspective1728 Words   |  7 Pagesof fered suggesting a reforming approach to Practical theology. Wolftiech s reasons Wolftiech considers practical theologians as having a rich understanding of the nature of practice and possessing methods for constructing critical dialogue between traditions and contemporary contexts , as well as an explicitly formative and transformative aim .1 This aim is echoed in Calahan and Nieman s definition of the basic task of practical theology being to promote faithful discipleship .2 WolftiechRead MorePsychology And Christianity Second Edition By David Entwistle1248 Words   |  5 Pagesedition by David Entwistle introduces the text by explaining how psychology can go in a direction, and Christian theology approach can lead in a different direction. He continued by stating the need for understanding and studying human behavior because people come from different walks of life and different expectations. It leads us to form unique perspectives to help give us an understanding of the individuals you encounter. The Entwistle s book addresses the relationship between Christianity and cultureRead MorePsychology And Christianity : Integrative Approaches Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pagesaims to address the process and purpose of integrating Christianity and Psychology. To assist in promoting the readers’ understanding of how integrating Christianity and Psychology can be practiced, and the importance of integrating the two (Entwistle, 2015, p. 5). Entwistle (2015) provides the reader with knowledge of the historical issues and beliefs of Psychology and Theology, helping the reader to understand how the negative relationship they have with one another at present developed. EntwistleRead MoreOur Spiritual Growth1578 Words   |  7 Pages But I considered it as a routine; I just came to the church because my parents told me to go there. I thought Christianity is just a religion for formality. But I always had question in my mind, what will it be if I die? What will I fell? How and why I in this world? I kept that question unanswered. Time after time, when I at second grade of Junior High School, my friends is starting their ministry in their church and being like different persons. I wondered how can they can be liked that. CoincidentallyRead MoreThe Basics And The Second By Alistair Mcgrath1727 Words   |  7 Pagesdefining both objectively and subjectively from the two required reading text. The first text is written by Alistair McGrath’s â€Å"Theology: The Basics and the second is written by Dr. Yung Chul Han’s â€Å"Transforming Power: Dimension of the Gospel. I will describe how the bot h texts are in association as well as seeking observations, and other conclusions to gain a better understanding of salvation from both perspectives. According to (Mc.Grath, p.78), the word salvation is referred to as something that hasRead MoreEssay on Does God Protect Us1632 Words   |  7 PagesTH101 Introduction to Theology Tutorial Essay: Does God protect us? Christians believe that by faith God protects them during their mortal life, moreover after their time on this earth comes to an end, with being promised salvation and an eternal dwelling in the Kingdom of God (Plantinga 2000). This protection is stated in many verses through out the bible, â€Å"Then Jesus said to him, ‘Go your way; your faith has made you well.’ Immediately he received his sight and followed Jesus on the road.† (MkRead MoreTheology Can Seem Like A Scary Word To Some People. For1858 Words   |  8 PagesTheology can seem like a scary word to some people. For some, this word evokes images of large libraries and stuffy book lovers sitting on the library floor reading huge volumes of work by the like Karl Barth s Church Dogmatics or H. Orton Wiley s three-volume Systematic Theology. For others, you picture a university or seminary where professional pastors and future professors go, but come back to your local church with bigger words and ideas tha n you can account for on your child s language artsRead MorePsychology And Christianity By David Entwistle1621 Words   |  7 Pages allowed readers to explore a synopsis that addressed worldview issues, theoretical foundations and the models of integration. One subject that I enjoyed reviewing was the comparisons that Enwistle displayed of the relationship of psychology and theology throughout the class text. Additionally, Entwistle offered information that displayed how the two are both designed by God and that God is the creator of all truth. (Entwistle, p.150, 2010).Thus, the author attempted to show the reader various examinedRead More4 Mat Review of Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity 2nd Ed.1309 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom psychology and Christian theology can help us understand and appreciate humanity more fully than we could with either perspective alone (p. 3). Entwistle’s view is that in faithful reading of both the book of Gods work (nature) and the book of Gods word (theology), this textbook seems to be the work of an individual whose true request is for a form of psychology that is aimed at the treatment of the total patient, mind, body and soul. Christian understandings of personhood, the purpose of

Discuss the Relationship Between Persuasion and Attitude Change. Free Essays

Discuss the relationship between persuasion and attitude change. The procedure of changing attitudes to then furthermore change behaviour has led psychologists to develop research into the topic of how persuasion takes place. The Hovland-Yale model was initially developed to persuade the American public for more support in the last stages of WW2. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the Relationship Between Persuasion and Attitude Change. or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was learnt that in order to persuade effectively, the need was to focus on who and what. Principally the content, the audience and the communicator. It was found that the most effective sources were experts as they had more credibility than non-experts, but also popular and attractive sources were more effective than unattractive sources. Bochner Insko asked students to suggest how much sleep was needed, before showing them two different sources of information – an expert and a non-expert. Students were more persuaded by the expert even when it conflicted with their own beliefs. Another finding from the model found that messages are more effective if the audience feels that their main purpose is not to persuade. Also, if a message contains a moderate level of fear it becomes more successful. McGuire also found that there was a primacy effect in messages. His research found that when he was trying to persuade students to join a course, he was more persuasive if he gave the positive points first. The final factor involved in the Hovland-Yale model is audience factors. It was seen that moderately intelligent audience members were more easily persuaded and when aiming at high intelligence audience members, it would be more effective to present both sides of the argument. The Elaboration-Likelihood model focuses on the message itself and splits this into two sections. Whether the audience focuses on the main content of the message or if they focus on other factors such as the communicator giving the message. Petty et al. called this the central and peripheral route. The central route audience members focus on the quality of the arguments and are motivated to think about the message. It’s been suggested that this has a lasting attitude change. The peripheral route is quite the opposite as audience members are not motivated to think about the message and they focus on the peripheral tools (such as music, celebrities, colour) rather than the arguments presented. Attitude change through the peripheral route is temporary. The Hovland-Yale model has good research support for all three factors involved in the model. Morton et al. found that children had more favourable attitudes after being given information from an expert (doctor) than a parent. Lewis et al. ound that fear arousing messages were effective in the short-term, but messages containing humour were more effective in the long-term. However, Fechback et al. found that high fear level was most effective in messages which disputes McGuire’s findings. However, McGuire’s findings can also be explained another way to show support. If following the basis of the psychodynamic approach, messages using high fear arousal may trigger defence mechanisms such as denia l or repression in audience members, suggesting moderate fear level is the most effective. Research also supports the key points of the Elaboration-Likelihood model. A psychologist supports the claim that the central route is more effective for high need-for-cognition audience members. Models have heavily relied on laboratory based research, which causes us to question the ecological validity. However, real-life application has occurred and found that when students were exposed to a fact-based or emotion-based health campaign, the higher NC individuals were more influenced by the central route (fact-based) and the lower NC were more persuaded by the peripheral route (emotion-based). Although both models are heavily supported by research, many research studies have involved students which brings problems of generalisation. Students have an age, wealth, and education status which is not typical of the general public. In addition, experimenters have exposed participants solely to their stimuli, whereas in the real world, we are exposed to thousands of media forms everyday; thus lacking in mundane realism. How to cite Discuss the Relationship Between Persuasion and Attitude Change., Essay examples

The existence of god Essay Example For Students

The existence of god Essay There are loads of unanswered questions in the world. Whether a life form lives in another planet, extinction of humankind, being able to predict Earths remaining time However, there is one question that is answered by every each person but couldnt be proven: The existence of God. God is a moral belief which could be defined as believing a superior existence and directing our life with its guidance. There are different forms of God since there are different forms of faith but the most common one is monotheistic religion. However, thousands of years ago, this wasnt the case. People believed in many gods rather than believing in one. One of the most spread polytheistic belief was, without a doubt, the Greek Myth. Hundreds of people worshipped their gods and believed in them. So what happened to this widespread belief? How can a whole civilizations faith change? Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world and their own cult and ritual practices (wikipedia). Ancient Greeks believed in Zeus; the lord of the sky, Poseidon; the lord of the sea, Hades; the lord of the underworld and other gods that controlled significant parts of our lives. In the 21st Century, however, no women believe that there is a God which takes care of their body and beauty because instead of worshipping their god, they are paying millions to their moisturizers. No meteorology expert believe that there is a god out there that makes it rain because other wise, they wouldnt spend their hours to predict the weather. Why doesnt anybody believe in these anymore? Its simply because we proved that the Greek Myth is wrong. People know that it rains when warm air turns the water from rivers, lakes and oceans into water vapor that rises into the air. They form clouds and as the clouds rise higher and higher, the air gets colder which makes clouds too heavy and fall to the ground as rain, or snow (The StartSpot Mediaworks, Inc. ). This is the reason why ancient Greeks believed in these gods. They just couldnt prove that its wrong. Now, people believe in one God. One God which created us and the universe, one God that doesnt interfere our daily lives, and whom we shall be with after death. The definition is full of things humankind cant explain, yet. Though there are prophets, holy books and stories to prove God, there are also great thinkers, bestselling books and theories to disprove it. The most important theory which disproves that God creates humans is Evolution Theory. The Theory of Evolution normally describes the gradual change in species of plants and animals, starting with a very primitive single-celled life form, and ending at least currently with human beings. Humans and higher apes are believed to have had a common ancestor. (Kee, 45) This theory has been embraced by loads of people and these people cant just say that they believe in God because believing means accepting the whole terms without changing it for your benefits. In some schools, people are so against this theory that it is not even taught. Such attitudes show that believers think reason and faith cant combine together because it brings a whole new point of view to religion. Being curious is in humans nature. Since the beginning of the humankind, they have always questioned the things around them. When they couldnt find an answer, they thought that it was done by something they couldnt even thought of. As time passed and they found the explanation, there seemed no reason to think the way they did before. More explanations bring more questions. Again with unanswered questions, a new belief is born. This will go on and on. So why do people believe in these even though they know the vicious circle? Humans are curious. They just cant live without an answer to those questions. .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6 , .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6 .postImageUrl , .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6 , .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6:hover , .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6:visited , .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6:active { border:0!important; } .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6:active , .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6 .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8461f9ee5324973e35ccf12c605661c6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Planning for Professional Development EssayTherefore, it is possible to say that reason and faith are not entirely separate things. One causes the other, just like a vicious circle. Works Cited H. C. Kee, et al, The Cambridge Companion to the Bible, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, (1997), Page 45 to 46 www. starspot. com www. wikipedia. com.

The Importance Of Water To Life On Earth A Look At The Unique Structur

The Importance of Water to Life on Earth a look at the unique structure and behavior of the water molecule by Steven Luscher, Student Water is the most important substance in our evolution and our daily lives. Without water, life as we know it would not have been possible. This essay will examine the water molecule in order to ascertain how it brought about Earth's thriving ecosystem and how important it is to us today. ============================== ______________________________ ============================== Each water molecule consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. The oxygen atom (or the apex of the water molecule) bears a slight electronegative charge while hydrogen possesses a more positive one1 (figure a). Because opposite charges attract, the water molecules are drawn together. When an oxygen atom is linked to a neighboring molecule's hydrogen atom, a bond called a hydrogen bond is formed2. In an ice crystal the hydrogen bonds govern the shape of the crystal so that the grid of molecules surrounds relatively large spaces (imagine figure b in three dimensions). In a liquid form, water has no such spaces; thus ice is less dense and will float on liquid water. If not for this, great bodies of water would freeze from the bottom up without the insulation of a top layer of ice and all life in the water would die. The water molecule is a very small one but because of its unique properties it behaves like a larger one. The bonds between water molecules are so strong that water resists changes in its state (Solid, liquid, gas); thus water has a higher melting point and a higher boiling point than another molecule of similar size. If water followed the example of other molecules its size it would have a boiling point of -75?C and a freezing point of -125?C4. This would mean that, on Earth, water would be a gas all of the time and life would not be possible. When heat is applied to solid water, some hydrogen bonds get so much kinetic energy that they break and the ice melts. Liquid water does not necessarily have all four hydrogen bonds present at all times but it must retain some of them5. For any object to penetrate water, it must be able to break the hydrogen bonds on the surface of the water. These bonds resist breaking thus forming a "skin" that allows small insects to walk on the surface of the water. Without the cohesiveness of water, those insects would not have survived. All plant life on Earth benefits from the ability of water to make a hydrogen bond with another substance of similar electronegative charge. Cellulose, the substance that makes up cell walls and paper products, is a hydrophilic substance ("water-loving")6. It interacts with water but, unlike other hydrophilic substances, it will not dissolve in it. Cellulose can form strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules7. This explains why a paper towel will "wick" water upwards when it comes in contact with it. Each water molecule will make a hydrogen bond w ith cellulose and pull another water molecule up from down below and so on. Without this feature (capillary action8), plants would find it more difficult to transport water up their stems to the leaves in order to make food through photosynthesis. Water has a very high heat capacity. Most of the heat introduced to water is used not to set water molecules in motion (giving them kinetic energy and causing their temperature to rise), but to move hydrogen atoms around between neighboring oxygen atoms9. If all of this heat was used solely to warm the water, living cells would boil in their own heat. Every action in a living cell releases some heat. If the heat was not dissipated by the water, all living things would cook themselves. In order for water to evaporate from the surface of liquid water, a certain amount of energy must be expended to break its hydrogen bonds. Because these hydrogen bonds are so strong, water requires a lot of heat to boil (100?C). When water vaporizes, it takes along all of the heat energy required to break its bonds thus having a powerful cooling effect on the

Iraq Survey essays

Iraq Survey essays I went around a high school during lunch to survey a student and ask him about some questions about our situation with Iraq and the Middle East. I asked a series of fifteen questions to see what their opinions and feelings were for issues that can or will come up as this situation grows. Their opinions were similar to what I feel, but some aspects were different with my interviewee. The first question asked was concerning the US military draft. He said that he was terrified of the thought of being drafted into war. He is afraid that if the war grows large enough, that there would be a chance he could be drafted. I feel the same way, because I just turned eighteen and the possibility of being drafted is there. I am also concerned that if the war grows, that I could be drafted and sent to the Middle East. The second question asked was about homeland security. I asked if there was a fear that we could be bombed or attacked at home. He said that he was scared that we could be attacked somehow, but not by means of a bombing. He feels that there is no immediate threat to Ooltewah, Tennessee. I also feel that way, but I am afraid that Oak Ridge could be a target and that could endanger us in this area. The third question was asking if he agrees that we are the largest threat to world peace. He did not know the answer to this question, but I would have to say no that we are working towards a better, safer world. I disagree with Britain saying that we posed the largest threat to world peace. The fourth question was whether or not bin Laden was still alive and whether or not he poses a threat to the United States. He said that he thinks that he is still alive, and that he poses a larger threat to the US than Iraq. I would disagree because Iraq is more organized and a longer known enemy. We think Iraq has built weapons of mass destruction and is not afraid to use them. I have not heard of bin Laden ha ...

How Firms Try to Extract Consumer Surplus Using Two-Part Tariffs Essay

How Firms Try to Extract Consumer Surplus Using Two-Part Tariffs - Essay Example This study declares that consumer surplus may be defined as â€Å"The difference between the price that a consumer is willing to pay for a good and the amount actually paid†. A two-part tariff (TPT) has many interpretations, one of which is: â€Å"A form of pricing in which consumers are charged both an entry and a usage fee† (ibid, 317). There is more to two-part tariffs than described. It is essential to understand certain associated economic factors before getting at the rather complex topic. In this paper, I will explain in brief Consumer Surplus; Consumer Surplus and Demand; Monopoly and Pricing Strategies with Market Power. Two-part tariffs and consumer surplus are closely linked; I will explain what two-part tariff means in practical terms and show how firms try to extract consumer surplus using it. This paper highlights the public purchases goods only if there is some benefit to be had. Consumer surplus is a valuation of how much benefit individuals gain as a total on completing their purchase of the product in question. Most people have differing methods of evaluating the intrinsic value of a good. Such extraneous factors, apart from purely commercial reasons, decide for these individuals the maximum price they are willing to fork out for an item. If an individual is willing to pay  £ 100 for a Liverpool vs Chelsea soccer match, but manages a ticket for  £ 40; his consumer surplus is  £ 60. According to Pindyk, Rubinfeld and Mehta, â€Å"A demand curve is the relationship between the quantity of a good consumers are willing to buy and the price of that good.† They add, â€Å"It is fairly simple to calculate consumer surplus if the corresponding demand curve is known and their relationship can be examined†. Let us do so for an individual, as advised by the a uthors.

'The War on Terror produces more terrorism' Essay

'The War on Terror produces more terrorism' - Essay Example According to them, terror should be dealt with in a different way. Even though certain democrats accept the fact that applying force is necessary in certain cases, a complete solution can be achieved only by improving the ideological appeal and moral authority of the United States. More efficient democracy and smarter techniques to better relationship between nations would help reduce terror in the world. Improving cooperation among nations would eliminate misunderstandings and other issues that generates enmity between nations. According to the critics of Bush, the war on terror has contributed only in creating more terrorists. War on terror has not eliminated terror from the face of the earth. War on Terror produces more terrorism. The United States should change course completely as war on terror is expected to give birth to more terrorists. War on terror is not the right action as it cannot wipe out terror. The war on terror is found to be causing more terrorism. According to new reports the United States has played a major role in making the world more terror-filled. The world has become unsafe not just for non-Americans, but for Americans as well. The war on terror has given birth to more terrorism. Innocent people in different parts of the world are suffering because of the ‘Iraq effect’. ... Research studies have been performed to study the effect of Iraq issue on global terrorism. According to the research, the number of people lost their lives in jihadist attacks in different parts of the world has increased dramatically after the beginning of the Iraq war in 2003. The research compared the events between Sep 11, 2001 and the attack of Iraq. Excluding the Arab-Israel conflict, the count of deaths increased from 729 to 5420. Apart from conflicts in Europe, wars happened in Kashmir and Chechnya. The Centre on Law and Security (in NYU Foundation) who performed the research reported that there has been a steady rise in the number of deaths due to war and conflicts. After the attack on Iraq, terrorist activities have increased considerably. War on terror has contributed to more terrorist activities on various parts of the world. According to the reports Iraq became the reason for a fierce fundamentalist reaction that caused more terror. Iraq affairs have encouraged more ter rorist attacks that ever before. Muslim activists and terrorists became more active than ever after Iraq affairs. The number of people killed by Islamists in Iraq increased from 7 to 3,122. Afghanistan also witnessed an increase in terrorist activities as the British and US forces invaded them after the attacks of Sep 11. The number of deaths in Afghanistan was few in 2003. The number of deaths increased to 802 since then. In the conflicts at Chechen, the number of deaths increased from 234 to 497. In the Kashmir issue, Pakistan and India had their number of deaths increase from 182 to 489. Europe that had zero deaths had it increased to 297 in the terror activities. War on

Tourism Market in Mozambique

Tourism Market in Mozambique Abstract Tourism is the movement of people to destinations away from their place of residence for any reason other than following an occupation, remunerated from within the country visited for a period of more than 24hours. It is one of the worlds fastest growing industries and an important source of foreign exchange and employment for many developing countries. Since crossing many of the primary needs of the population, when harnessed it can be a key instrument to poverty alleviation and socioeconomic promotion and given to its sustained growth and resilience, can also contribute to facing the main global challenges of our societies Mozambique is a country with a great potential to become a tourist destination at regional and international levels which origins from the relevant characteristics of its natural resources, cultural and historic value. But, despite the countrys tourism potential, the increase in investments and number of international tourists arrivals as well as its proximity to South Africa which is one of the worlds top tourist destinations, it still far from the expected and has little expression to the regional and international levels as a tourist destination. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a greater understanding on tourism market in Mozambique as a tourist destination by analyzing the tourism market development from 2004 to 2009. The research study was based in literature review for theory and problem discussion and the data collected from the Mozambiques Tourism Ministry reports on tourism demand from 2004 to 2009. The study shows that the high costs of tourism services for the local people and their small capacity of investment are the main factors for the slow development of domestic tourism. The tourism development in Mozambique is different when analyzing each province and type of tourists. Leisure and holidays is the main reason for visiting the country, followed by business and conference and, lastly visit relatives and friends. It also shows that its important to create guidelines to brand destinations differently and design specific tourism plans, according to specific characteristics of the tourist zones, create new marketing strategies which aim not only international tourists but also domestic tourists and specific policies for domestic tourism development, create incentive programs which stimulate and encourage the use of local architecture design and materials by local and foreign investors, create policies that stimulate and facilitate participation of the local communities in tou rism projects, employment, training food furnishings and crafts and, complementary products. 1. Introduction Tourism is the movement of people to destinations away from their place of residence for any reason other than following an occupation, remunerated from within the country visited for a period of more than 24hours (wikibooks.org). It is one of the worlds fastest growing industries and an important source of foreign exchange and employment for many developing countries. With destinations not only in industrialized countries, but also in less developed countries in East Africa, Central America and South East Asia, when harnessed, tourism can be a key instrument to poverty alleviation and socioeconomic promotion, since crossing many of the primary needs of the population. (World Tourism Organization, 1996). According to Salgado e Cravo (1999), tourism industry employs about 204.000.000 persons in all over the world, generates 655.000 millions of dollars in taxes and pays 1.7000.000 millions in salary which make it a very important activity in the world. Due to the income generated by the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism, it has become vital for many countries and a popular global leisure activity(www.sidestore.com/) and also a factor of social stability, mutual understanding among individuals and peoples and acquired an important cultural and moral dimension. Tourism can be an efficient tool to advance international peace and understanding. It is growing steadily and needs to be viewed in its social, cultural and ethical dimensions and therefore in its potential to alliance of civilizations. It shares with religions and civilizations values such as tolerance, respect of diversity, respect of nature, rediscovery of oneself and of the others. Given its sustained growth and resilience, the sector is in fact, in ideal position to contribute to facing the main global challenges of our societies (www.world tourism.org). According to the manila declaration, 1980, tourism is an essential activity for the life of nations due to its direct effects on cultural, social, educational and economic sectors of the national societies and their international relationships. Its contribution to national economy and international trade makes it a significant factor in world development and one of the main economic activities in the world through its function i n national economy, international transactions and in securing balance of payments equilibrium. Tourism that focuses on natural environments is a large and growing part of the tourism industry. While it can contribute in a positive manner to socio-economic development and environmental protection, uncontrolled tourism growth can also cause environmental degradation, destruction of fragile ecosystems, and social and cultural conflict, undermining the basis of tourism. The intangible nature of tourism industry services makes its quality control difficult but crucial and more difficult for potential costumers to evaluate and compare service offerings. In addition, instead of moving the product to costumer, the costumer must travel to the product which means spent money and time. As an industry, tourism has many components comprising to the overall travel experience. Along with transportation, it includes accommodations, food and beverage services, shops, entertainment, aesthetics and special events. To overcome this hurdle tourism, related businesses, agencies and organizations need to work together to package and promote tourism opportunities and align their efforts to assure consistency in product quality (Mahoney and Warnell, 1987). The different definitions of tourism in each country, the difference in census techniques, the great mobility of tourists and its several motivations, the heterogeneity tourism types are some reasons which make the to urism a difficult statistic object in definition and measurement (Salgado e Cravo, 1999). Manila declaration 1980 says that tourism resources (space facilities and values) are available in various countries in risk of deterioration and destruction and belong to heritage mankind. The development of tourist activities cannot be prejudicial to economic and social interests of the population in tourist areas, to the environment and to the natural resources. The national and international communities and the states are responsible for preservation and conservation of historical, cultural and religious sites at all times. In order to maximize tourisms poverty reduction potential, multiple strategies may be required that combine action at the destination, at national policy level, and internationally. Since one organization cannot operate effectively at all three levels, complementary actions by different stakeholders are required at all levels to enhance the positive outcomes of tourism. The destination level relies primarily on initiatives by private companies, NGOs, and the communities themselves. Nationally the governments can reduce obstacles to informal sector participation. Internationally, the promotion of responsible consumer and business behavior and the establishment of enforceable international industry codes of conduct can also contribute towards poverty reduction potential of tourism (Ashley, Boyd and Goodwin, 2000, p6). 1.1. Significance of the research Mozambique is a country with a great potential to become a tourist destination at regional and international levels which origins from the relevant characteristics of its natural resources, cultural and historic value. Its distinct local style consists of a blend of African, Arab and Portuguese influences and provides a contrast to the other southern African countries, offering an unique historical and cultural heritage, tropical beaches, coral reefs, spectacular landscapes, intriguingly rich architecture and small desolated islands close to the coast, Mozambique is one of the most enticing tourist destinations in Southern Africa. In 2001, the country received about 400 thousands tourists, about 80% of the arrivals in Tanzania which is a country with the same natural characteristics and product lines but without the same proximity and access routes to south africa (one of the worlds top tourist destination). In the same period, South Africa received 6 million of tourists and according to WTO, is expecting to receive 30 million tourists in 2020.The tourism contribution to the Gross Domestic Product in Mozambique was also relactively low (1,2% in 2001). In 2002, the country received 900 thousands tourists mostly from the neihgboring countries. In south Africa, the sector contributes with about 8% to the national economy, in Sub-Saharian Africa with about 6.5% of the GDP and in the world with 10.2% of the GDP. According to tourism in Mozambique.wikipedia.The free encyclopedia, by the end of 1990s tourism was the best growing sector of Mozambiques economy and in 2005 the country registered the fastest growth rate in the world. Despite the countrys tourist potential, the obvious increase in investments and number of international tourists arrivals as well as its proximity to South Africa, it stills far from the expected and has little expression to the regional and international levels as a tourist destination, so, this research intends to analyze the tourism market development in Mozambique as a tourist destination from 2003 to 2008 and identify how to attract new tourist markets. 1.3. Problem discussion Tourism is an attractive tool for economic development, especially in the developing world and has assisted many developing countries to move away from a dependency on agriculture and manufacturing (Tooman, 1997 cited by Kabia, 2005). Chosen for its ability to bring in needed foreign exchange earnings, income and employment; it has become a popular addition to economic development policies in many African, Asian, South and Central American countries. Although it seems to be adding substantially to the economic growth of many of these regions, many developing countries are not reaping to full benefits from tourism. More than two thirds of the revenue from international tourism never reaches the local economy because of high foreigner exchange leakage. Understanding the many ways that tourism profits can leak out of an economy and, devising strategies to minimize could make tourism a more effective economic development agent (kabia, 2005). Worldwide, international tourist arrivals in 1999 are estimated at approximately 700 million, resulting in over $500 billion in tourist receipts and tourism generates nearly 250 million jobs worldwide (kabia, 2005).the increasing fascination potential economic benefits for destination areas(kabia, 2005).In the past two decades increased attention to the negative social, cultural and environmental impacts of tourism has also emerged, calling for more careful planning and management of tourism development (WTO, 1996). According to (Harrison Husbands, 1996 cited by kabia, 2005) achieving sustainable tourism (the one that maintains economic benefits and limits associated negative impacts), lie in minimizing negative impacts by strategies such as environmental and social impact analysis, community control and segmenting markets. The potential economic benefits of tourism are a major attraction for developing countries due to three pro-tourism arguments: the trend in demand for international travel is projected to continue at astonishing rates due to the economic stability and travel preferences of people in the developed regions such as Europe, Asia and North America ; the income elasticity of demand for tourism means that the household incomes of people in the developed world increase, more disposable income will be directed towards travel and, developing countries are in need of foreign exchange earnings to support their economic development initiatives and to satisfy the demands of their residents (kabia, 2005). Today traveling for pleasure (leisure, recreation holidays and visiting friends and relatives) is the most common form of traveling. People have a number of different motivations for traveling. Some people travel for sun, sand and sea while others, are most interested in cultural and sporting activities associated with the travel. When surveyed people tend to list the following reasons for travel (Walker, 2004): To experience new and different surroundings To experience different cultures To rest and relax To visit friends and family To view or participate in sporting recreational activities According to the same author, longer life spans (people live longer and have better health), flexible working hours, early retirement, greater ease of travel, tendency to take shorter but more frequent trips and increase on standard of living are factors contributing to an increase on number of traveling in the coming years. The future travel patterns are vary hard to predict but there are number of trends and factors that will definitely impact on how, where, when and why we are going to travel. Visitors often come from particular socioeconomic layer of the population of industrialized countries and capital surplus, which requires relatively sophisticated market research to identify and analyze and profiles the preferences of these visitors. Although in these countries a prosperous minority exists that is capable of undertaking domestic tourism, many inhabitants lack the income and wherewithal to travel, so, the research must not focus only on measurement of domestic tourism but on ways and means to improve access of underprivileged layers of the population to holidays and travel, and on devising economical, but adequate means of supply (accommodation and transportation) to achieve this aim (kabia, 2005) As we know, when harnessed, tourism can be a key instrument to poverty alleviation and socioeconomic promotion, since crossing many of the primary needs of the population. 1.4. Research approach According to Denscombe, 1998, the research approaches can be divided in two: qualitative and quantitative. A quantitative study is associated with numbers as the unit of analysis, analysis, large scale studies, a specific focus, researcher detachment and a predetermined research design while a qualitative study is associated with words as the unit of analysis, description, small scale studies, holistic perspective, researcher involvement and an emergent research design. This thesis is a research quantitative since it uses numbers as unit of analysis of the tourism market as a tourist destination in Mozambique. According to Fretchling (2001), the careful forecaster will inquire into how the data to be used was collected and processed to understand what measurement anomalies may be present and how much of the variation through time is due to sampling error. My study was based in already existing data records, which made it difficult to predict and prevent eventual mistakes occurred dur ing the data collection process, but some studies indicate that is difficult to determine the economic performance of the tourism sector in Mozambique due to difficulties in collecting data and statistical indicators of some revenue like, average rates of occupancy and international flows in the country. 1.5. Outline of the thesis The presented thesis is basically composed by four parts: Introduction this part introduces the area of study, presents the significance of the research, problem discussion, research approach, outline of the thesis and finally the purpose of the thesis. Methodology this part gives a brief and clear description of the methods used when conducting the study. Mozambiques tourism sector overview this part presents a general description on tourism in Mozambique Findings, conclusions and recommendations the final part, reaches and describes the research purpose by analyzing, commenting and suggesting on how to improve the performance of the tourism sector in Mozambique. 2. Research purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a greater understanding of tourism market in Mozambique as a tourist destination by analyzing the tourism market development from 2004 to 2009, through: characterizing the tourism market development in Mozambique from 2004 to 2008; Identifying some of the main constraints and contributing factors to tourism development in Mozambique. Identifying how to attract new tourism markets 3. Methodology 3.1. Literature review To make the study clear and well planned, first was used the method of library research which means that the information was taken from different sources related to tourism industry. Denscombe (1998, p. 58) cited by tese2, says that a research should always start with a literature review that: shows that the researcher is aware of the available existing work already undertaken in the area identifies what the researcher takes to be the key issues, the crucial questions and the obvious gaps in the current state of knowledge provide signposts for the reader about where the research is coming from it allows the reader to see which theories and principles have been influential in shaping the approach adopted in the proposed research In this study, databases Elsevier Direct Science was used in order to find full text studies from academic journals that are related the area of research using search words such as: Tourism, Ecotourism, Tourism analysis, Destination, Destination Marketing, Destination Management, Tourism in developing countries, Tourism market in Mozambique. Public libraries, websites like, jstor.org, WTO.org, MINTUR.org, as well as textbooks and doctoral thesis were also used to find more theory, gain more insight and latest information about the research area. The research was based on data records on tourism market demand in Mozambique from 2004 to 2009 received from the Ministry of tourism, planning and cooperation department. 3.3. Research strategy The research strategy consists of a quantitative method for collecting and analyzing data. Tourism demand data can be compiled from administrative reports such as counts of tickets sold, passenger carried for transportation. Theme parks, museums and other attractions also produce administrative records. Commercial lodging places in most countries are required to keep careful records of the number of guests and length of stay. Sample surveys and direct observation are also techniques used to estimate tourism demand data. (Fretchling, 2001). These are also the main methods used in Mozambique to estimate the tourist demand. Due to lack of resources in terms of time and money I had to limit myself to the Mozambiques Tourism Ministry reports on tourism demand. The information collected was related to Mozambiques tourism market from 2004 to 2008. Information retrieval, libraries and other related information centers were also consulted and, relying on the data collected that enabled to organize and guide this study and its analysis, was written this research report. 4. Tourism in Mozambique 4.1. Mozambiques tourism sector overview 4.1.1. General information about Mozambique Mozambique is located on the southeast coast of Africa, to the east is the Indian Ocean; to the north, Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia; to the west, Zimbabwe and South Africa and to the south Swaziland and South Africa. The country has a total area of 799380 km ² with approximately 20 millions of inhabitants of a diverse cultural environment with several ethnic groups and religions (tourism guide) ¼Ã…’it is ranked 33rd country in the world according to its size. It is formed by 11 provinces and its capital is Maputo. Portuguese is the official language but the linguistic diversity is one of its main cultural characteristics. Each ethnical group has its own language and for the majority of the population, mainly in rural areas, the national idioms are the mother tongue and the one most used on a daily basis (tourism guide). Most educated people speak English which is used in schools and business as second or third language. Altogether this accounts to approximately 43 different languages. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Mozambique). There are many religions in Mozambique but the 1997 census showed, 23.8% Catholics, 17.8% Muslims, 17.5% Zionist Christians, 17.8% other, 23.1% none (www.indexmundi.com/mozambique/religions.htm). 4.1.2. Tourism in Mozambique Mozambique is a country of contrasts and extreme beauty, with attractions ranging from crystalline beaches, nature reserves and parks, plenty of opportunities for fine adventure and business travel and a huge historic and cultural value which attract tourists from all over the world interested in adventure, leisure, business, ecotourism, religious tourism and others(MINTUR, 1999). The country is now investing on recovering of its wildlife, with a great variety of nature reserves, and its likewise devoting resources to tourism with a high quality hunting safaris, but at the same time working to develop greater awareness of the natural environment. In the towns and cities, a great diversity of history and culture is melded into the architecture and the pulse of daily history life can be felt from the bustle of the markets to the striking handicrafts, from the museums to the bars and restaurants (tourist guide, 2007). Due to its nature diversity composed by tropical and crystalline beaches, with hot water creating opportunities to practice fishing and aquatic sports, sub aquatic richness composed by varieties of species, animals, coral reefs and rich in archaeological finds with great ecological value is known as the Indian pearl (MINTUR, 1999) and considered one of the worlds new sanctuaries (tourist guide, 2007). 4.1.3. Tourism development in Mozambique Tourism has become regulated and supported by the colonial government in the second half of the 50ths with the creation of the first information and tourism centers and establishment of the first tourist zones. In this period the tourism was basically characterized by safari tourism with international character (around 50% of tourists were Americans) leading to regeneration of the campsite service to the detriment of the hotels. After the independence (in 1975) there was a great depression in national tourism industry as result of the difficult relationship with the two countries in the region which formed the main market (south Africa and Zimbabwe), lack of technician to plan and manage the tourism sector, the armed conflict that destroyed the tourist infrastructure as well as the flora and wildlife, and blocked access to communication and transportation. The tourism industry was basically constituted by international cooperation missions. The end of the civil war (in 1992) and the development of the structural adjustment program defined a restoration program for tourism sector considering tourism as a sector of maximization of foreign currency entry and job generation, to enhance regional development and distribute its benefits to all areas of the country as well as to project a prestigious image of Mozambique abroad and promote greater involvement of national enterprises in tourism undertakings. Due to the speed and decentralization in evaluation and approval of projects, improvement of security in business environment, resulting from the new program implementation, there was a rapid growth of investment in the sector, goods and services as well as travel agencies and promotion of national and domestic tourism campaigns. According to (MINTUR, 1999), the ministry of tourism is the central organ of the state which is responsible, in accordance with the principles, aims and tasks defined by the government, for the application of the policy for the tourism in the public, private and community domains. The tourism law, is the instrument used, was established bearing that Mozambique has tourism resources that place it in a favorable and competitive position in the regional and international tourism market, and considering that tourism needs to be developed in a sound, sustainable way in accordance with its cross cutting nature, recognizing tourisms eminently dynamic character in promoting jobs and generating foreign currency, and the need to bring existing legislation up to date, it is incumbent upon the state to update relevant legal instruments (MINTUR,1999). 4.1.4. Tourist zones Mozambique is very rich in natural resources (land, sea, fauna and flora). The type of land and climate has created three different varieties of vegetation, dense forestland in the high parts of north and centre of the country, woodland and savannah in the south and mangrove along the coastline. In terms of wildlife a variety of species can be found in these ecosystems as well as beautiful landscapes and views along the coast and in the higher mountainous areas (tourism guide, 1999). The tourist zones in Mozambique are subdivided into three (north, center and south) with different geophysics characteristics, socio economic development and tourist profiles (Salgado e Cravo, 1999). a) North (rich in cultural resources) With a unique identity in Southern Africa, the region is composed by Cabo Delgado, Nampula, Niassa and Zambà ©zia provinces. (3) Due to its great touristy potential and tourism products which need to be exploited is called the Jewel of Tourism (2) Tourism is mainly concentrated in Nampula, Nacala and Pemba cities. (2) Is an exclusive destination for international and regional markets, with beaches and tropical islands, scuba diving and deep-sea fishing activities, with a strong cultural influence and Strong market opportunities for eco and hunting tourism (3) There is a growing interest by investors in new project infrastructure such as hotels, hostels, campsites and others. (3) The marine life and the beauty of probably one of the worlds most beautiful archipelagos, the Quirimbas archipelagos, the forest intact and extensive part of the Niassa Reserve and the unique biodiversity of Lake Niassa.(2) In this region, outstands, ilha de moà §ambique (mankind heritage by UNESCO), Ibo island (with a wonderful marine life), Quirimbas archipelago,Niassa reserve and Niassa lake (tourism guide, 1999) a) Mozambique island b) Mozambique island c) Niassa Lake d) Ibo island b) Center (rich in natural resources) Composed by Sofala, Manica and Tete provinces, this region is based on nature and wildlife, characterized by business facilities, beaches, exotic animals (is what really attracts tourists) around conservation and preservation of wild species areas. Its an exclusive destination for adventure tourism and ecotourism for specialized markets (Hiking, appreciation of birds, hunting, fishing, ecotourism) and important to the business market and sun, sand and sea tourism for domestic and regional markets (3) The city of Beira is the countrys second city and an important regional economic center. Its port plays an important role in linking Mozambique with Zimbabwe and other neighboring countries located in the center and the citys tourism is based on commerce and trade.(2) In this region highlights are, Gorongoza national park (was one of the most famous in southern Africa), Chimanimani and Marromeu reserves and, electrical barriers of Cahora Bassa and Chicamba Real (tourism guide, 1999). a) Gorongoza national park b) Gorongoza national park c) Electrical barrier of Cahora Bassa d) Electrical barrier of Chicamba Real c) South (rich in coastal and marine resources) Composed by Maputo, Maputo City, Gaza e Inhambane provinces,is a perfect national and regional destination for sun, sand and sea and water sports holidays (3). This region is benefiting from considerably higher levels of development and has the best infrastructure of the whole country and concentrates almost 50% of the national tourism (over 50% of the total of registered establishments and 65% of the total beds). With a vast coastline with beaches and tropical waters and marine resources of exceptional quality (3), and beautiful landscapes, the region is characterized by business and leisure tourism. Maputo concentrates business tourism, while leisure tourism basically composed by diving, eco-tourism and culture (3) is progressing satisfactorily in various parts of Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane provinces. (2) The tourist infrastructures in this region are accessible and of the most varied ranges.The beaches of Vilanculos, bazaruto,Bilene, Xai Xai, Macaneta are essential for a good family tourism, Ponta do Ouro and Ponta Malongane are the major poles of attraction for watersports tourism practitioners and enthusiasts.(2) The fact that this part of the Mozambican tourist attractions have derived from the ecological environment, the occurrence of natural phenomena, reinforces the interest of tourists to know and enjoy the privilege of coming in contact with such beautiful landscapes.(3) The highlights are Limpopo National park, Bazaruto archipelago, and special elephants reserve (Tourism guide, 1999). a) Elephants reserve b) Limpopo national park c) Aechipelago of Bazaruto d) Aechipelago of Bazaruto 5. Literature review 5.1. Destination 5.1.1. Definition Destinations have emerged as the fundamental unit of analysis in tourism (WTO, 2002) and form pillar in any modeling of the tourism system as most tourism activities take place at the destination (Pike, 2005). A tourist destination is defined as a physical space where visitors spend at least one overnight (WTO) or as the focus of facilities and services designed to meet the needs of tourists (Cooper et al, 1998). It includes tourism products such as support services and attractions, and tourism resources within one days return travel. It has physical and administrative boundaries defining its management, and images and perceptions defining its market competitiveness (WTO). A tourist destination describes a geographical space which provides all parts of a destinations supply (attractions, amenities and access) to satisfy the needs of specific tourism segments during their vacation or it includes elements of the supply chain: accommodation and gastronomy, entertainment and leisure time amenities, transportation, information. While these services are delivered by different suppliers, they are offered to their consumers as one unit. The destinations dimension or size is perceived differently by the visitors depending on: its distance to the visitors place of origin, its popularity and image as well as the visitors travel experience (Kloiber ¼Ã…’2008). According to Buhalis (2000), it can be characterized as the six frameworks: Attractions (natural, man made, artificial, purpose built, heritage, special events) Accessibility ( entire transportation system comprising of routes, terminals and vehicles) Amenities (accommodation and cat

A Streetcar Named Desire

Williams also reinforces his implied themes with many motifs and symbols, such as music, drunkenness, and bathing. Towards the end of scene three, Blanche turns on the radio and â€Å"waltzes to the music with romantic gestures [while Mitch imitates] like a dancing bear† (57). Because Blanche is accustomed to her insanity, which is represented by the Varsouviana Polka, she is able to move along with the music fine while Mitch, who is accustomed to reality (and has primitive traits), is unable to gracefully match Blanche’s movements and grace. Not only does the Polka music represent Blanche’s descent into insanity, but also tends to appear at moments when she is in a state of panic. Secondly, drunkenness is a major symbol throughout the play. Stanley states that â€Å"[one thing that] belongs on a poker table [is] whiskey† while Blanche lies and says â€Å"[she isn’t] accustomed to having more than one drink† (54). Stanley and the men seem to drink for social reasons, and they sometimes end up becoming violent or barbaric. Blanche, however, seems to drink in an almost anti-social manner while keeping it a secret, and the results of her drunkenness usually end up causing her to deceive herself. Although the author never states the illness that Blanche is eventually diagnosed with, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a guide used by modern day psychologists to classify types of mental disorders, would classify her as a paranoid schizophrenic. In addition to music and drunkenness, bathing also is an important symbol that is implanted into the play, which is evident when Stanley becomes violent and his friends bath him with â€Å"the water . . on full tilt [and later] comes out of the bathroom [and] breaks into sobs† (59). Because he was violent (and drunk), Stanley’s friends cleanse him of his bad actions with water. He then comes out of the bathroom afterwards and feels regretful, calling out to his love and wanting to be forgiven. Throughout the history of the world and its culture, men and women have had gender-based roles in society which usually portrays men as being primitive and lacking emotion while portraying women as being more delicate and fragile. Such depictions can be seen in a work of Tennessee Williams, A Streetcar Named Desire, which is based on a woman’s false beliefs that slowly lead her into a descent of insanity. Throughout scene three, many subtle cues embedded into Tennessee’s work, which include lighting, stage directions, colors and more are used to help portray the traits of certain characters and especially Blanche Du Bois’ inability to overcome reality. In conclusion, Tennessee Williams uses many motifs and symbols in his works of literature, with A Streetcar Named Desire being a very prime example. You can read also  Similarities and Conflicts in † a Streetcar Named Desire† Primitiveness and fantasy’s inability to overcome reality are represented in many things including lighting, music, colors, drinking, and even bathing. Tennessee Williams uses setting, lighting, and costumes to reinforce theme by describing the setting and events in the rawest and most articulate manner, which gives readers a detailed and symbolic image of the content in scene three including the primitiveness of men and fantasy’s inability to overcome reality. When the author first describes the setting, he states that the men are â€Å"at the peak of their physical manhood, as coarse and direct and powerful as the primary colors† (45). Because the men are very up-front and â€Å"coarse,† Tennessee reinforces the theme of the primitive and the primal by describing the physique and status of the men at the poker table. He also compares them to the primary colors, which helps back up the description of their rawness and vigor. Secondly, Tennessee Williams uses lighting to help give the readers more insight on the novel. For example, when Mitch and Blanche are together in the room, she tells him to â€Å"put [the new lamp shade she just bought] over [a] light bulb† (55). Although Blanche lets many people see her in daylight, she only allows Mitch to see her in dimly-lit areas and even lies to him about many things including her age because she likes him and doesn’t want him to discover her slowly fading beauty. The theme being inferred here, fantasy’s inability to overcome reality, is also represented by Blanche’s past haunting her due to the death of her husband, the loss of her Old Southern family estate, and her dismissal from work due to an improper affair with a student. Lastly, the themes of both the primitive/primal and Blanches inability to overcome reality are represented in the author’s choice of costume assignment, which is evident when Blanche is dressing and â€Å"stands in her pink silk brassiere and white skirt in the light through the portieres† (51). Unlike the men in the novel, who are portrayed in colors that are raw and primary, the absence of primitiveness is shown in the many descriptions of Blanche’s pastel-colored clothing. The silhouette that also appears as Blanche stands in the light of the portieres also helps create the foundation of Blanche’s fantasy world (the darkness of the silhouette) that is enclosed and trapped by reality (the light around her). A Streetcar Named Desire A Streetcar Named Desire is one of the most famous and noted plays in American history. The play was written by Tennessee Williams and won him the 1948 Pulitzer Prize for Drama (Spoto, 1997).The main characters of the story, Blanche DuBois, Stanley Kowalski and Stella Kowalski represent the social and personal conflicts of post-war American society. One of the most interesting elements in the play that contributed to the success of the play is the manner by which each of the character’s perspectives and illusions are used to bring insight to the reality.Naturalism was depicted in the play by incorporating existing social conditions, language and through references to events, personalities and issues. This is evident in the backgrounds and demeanors of characters and in the manner of their interactions. Another factor that represents naturalist elements to the play is the use of developing sciences and issues into the story such as Stella’s nervous condition, Stanleyâ₠¬â„¢s involvement with the growing violence and vice of the city and   Blanche's rape and nervous breakdown.Another use of naturalism in the play is seen in the lack of dramatic role reversals among the characters and instead the characters are portrayed as individuals simply with lives that can go beyond their ability to control (Williams & Miller, 2004).Another factor that has contributed to the appeal of the play was because of the ease of reference with audience. The main reason for this is the realism of the characters. Blanche’s situation of having to leave the South was a common to the era as economics became an issue in the region. Stella represented common issues regarding rights and independence being raised for women.Stanley represented the stiff challenges of the city which requires aggressiveness and dominance. Though the characters are representations of social segments, Williams gave them their individual idiosyncrasies and vulnerabilities which made persons to the audience.ReferencesSpoto, Donald (1997). The Kindness of Strangers: The Life of Tennessee Williams. Chicago: Da Capo PublishingWilliams, Tennessee and Miller, Arthur (2004). A Streetcar Named Desire. New York: New Directions Publishing Corporation.